Showing posts with label civil rights. Show all posts
Showing posts with label civil rights. Show all posts

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Muhammad Ali: The Life Of A Legend: The Boxing Glove Book Review





 


The Boxing Glove Book Review: Muhammad Ali: The Life Of A Legend.
Written By Fiaz Rafiq

Review by Peter Silkov

Writer for The Boxing Glove



The name of Muhammad Ali conjures up memories and emotions for so many people, perhaps even more so today, almost four years since his passing than in the later years of his life. It is not that Ali became forgotten in old age like so many stars of the past, far from it. Despite his well-publicized health problems, Ali was still very much an active public figure right up to the end of his life. Yet since his death, interest in Ali has overflowed, as if the world realized just what it had lost, and became conscious of the void that his departure has left.

Ali was a special athlete, not only the greatest world heavyweight champion the boxing world has ever seen but also the most visible and unique. Ali possessed a charisma and an ability to touch people on an emotional level way beyond the bounds of not just boxing, but sport in general. This was his greatest gift, greater and more profound even than his boxing skills.

Four years after his death, Muhammad Ali still holds a fascination for his fans and followers alike. His fame has long since passed from that of a simple sports star to the level of an icon. Almost 40 years since his final fight, Muhammad Ali is remembered and loved for his post-boxing role of a peace ambassador as much as he is remembered for his legendary exploits inside the ring. In an irony which sums up the complexity of this many-layered man, Muhammad Ali's life journey saw him go from being the heavyweight champion of the world, and an often divisive and controversial figure, to becoming a walking symbol of love and peace.

In his final years, when Parkinson's disease had robbed him of his marvelous ability to verbally communicate, Ali could still move people as deeply as when he was the greatest orator and showman that the sports world had seen in the 20th century, with just his physical presence and his almost beatific silence. It is a transformation unmatched within the sporting world.

Today Muhammad Ali is loved and cherished by people who were not even born until he had long since left the fighting arena. Even those who otherwise hold no fondness for boxing love Muhammad Ali.


In the midst of this enduring appeal, there has been an increased appearance of books dedicated to the man and his life. Boxing and boxers have always been a favorite subject for writers, and in Ali, they have their greatest subject. No sportsman has ever been written about as often as Muhammad Ali, and you may wonder when is the well of stories going to run dry. How many times do we want to read about Ali's conquering of 'the ugly bear' Sonny Liston, or his dismantling of the seemingly invincible monster George Foreman, or those ferocious fights with his most bitter rival Joe Frazier? The answer lays in the quality of the literature being written about 'The Greatest.'

The vast majority of books written about 'The Greatest' are excellent reads. Then again, it should be no surprise that such an outstanding career, filled with so many accomplishments and controversies should result in the formation of such a great subject matter.

Another gift Ali has bestowed upon his followers and all of his would-be biographers are the many layers of his life outside of the ring, as well as within it. Ali was a people person, who loved social interaction, and due to his great fame and social charisma became a magnet for people throughout his life, from celebrities, artists, actors, musicians, and fellow sportsmen to the ordinary person on the street. In an era long before Facebook or Instagram, Muhammad Ali was the most recognized face and well-known voice in the world.

In “Muhammad Ali: The Life Of A Legend”, Fiaz Rafiq looks at his subject from the point of view of his social interaction with the people around him. “The Life Of A Legend” is a series of intimate profiles of 'The Greatest' by some of those who knew him best. From the earliest days of his boxing career, right up until the final years of his life. Conducted in the manner of a series of question and answer interviews, the interviews are contained in four distinct sections: 'Family', 'The Journalists', 'The Opponents', and 'Friends and Associates'. Rafiq has gained access to an impressive array of Ali's confidants, friends, family, boxing associates, and former opponents. Among those interviewed are four of Ali's children, his only son, Muhammad Ali Jr., and daughters Rasheda, Hana, and Maryum. Also included are interviews from former opponents, such as George Foreman, Larry Holmes, Joe Bugner, Ron Lyle, Chuck Wepner, and Richard Dunn plus journalists Bert Sugar, Robert Lipsyte, and Jerry Izenberg, amongst others. There is also a collection of eclectic characters in the 'friends and associates' section of the book, including Ali's old trainer Angelo Dundee, and the man he helped become boxing's most powerful promoter, Don King, promoter Butch Lewis, plus fellow boxers Sugar Ray Leonard and Evander Holyfield who both cite Ali as being their inspiration.

Originally released in 2010, under the title “Muhammad Ali: Conversations” the reissuing of this book is an entertaining and at times, moving addition to the many books about Ali. Even the Ali expert will find stories and insights into 'The Greatest' which he didn't know of previously.

One of the poignant aspects of this book is that a number of those interviewed, like Ali himself, are no longer with us.

The stories and anecdotes, which they share about Ali, are varied and enlightening, showing us different sides of the man whom many of us feel that we know so much already, yet still want to learn more about. A common thread that comes through in all these accounts is Ali's fondness for human company and his warmth and sense of humor, and then perhaps most tellingly, his innate humbleness. For all of his braggadocio in front of the camera and inside the ring, Muhammad Ali the man was modest and down to earth. These traits increased as he grew older and ever more spiritual. This was a man who truly loved people, and always strived to give something positive to all those that he came into contact with. For all his fame and material riches, outside of the boxing ring, Ali saw himself as just another man, a normal person, but one who had been given the ability to reach so many others in a positive way.

As former 'Time' and 'Sports Illustrated' Photographer Neil Leifer tells Fiaz, when asked about how Ali treated everybody the same:

'I was working for the most important sports magazine in America, and he treated me wonderfully. I watched a kid from a high school newspaper come up to him and photograph him, and he treated him the same way! He treated everyone the same way. He just liked people!'.

The book also gives some interesting insights into Ali's own view of himself in his later years as he increasingly struggled with Parkinson's syndrome, such as in this conversation which he had with former opponent Joe Bugner when they met at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. As Bugner recalled to Fiaz:

'You know what was incredible? He looked me in my eye, there were no tears or anything, he says to me, "Joe Bugner if you ever utter the words 'I feel sorry for Ali' or you tell me 'I feel sorry how you turned out', I will never be your friend again" I looked up to him and said, "Muhammad how can I feel sorry for you, you beat me twice!" He pulled on a beautiful smile on his face, and said, "Look, Ok. We'll leave it at that".

Ali was such an idol of the sport during his boxing career, he was the best thing that ever happened to the heavyweight division, bringing life and interest to both the heavyweights and boxing in general, which has seldom been matched in other era's. Ali's opponents also gained a level of attention and the kind of paydays that they would never have achieved against anyone else.

In his interview with Fiaz, former heavyweight contender Chuck Wepner talks about his 1975 world title fight with 'The Greatest' (when Ali made the first defense of his second title reign after his defeat of George Foreman) and the impact that his fight against Ali for the title had upon his life:

'The most amazing experience in my life was fighting Muhammad Ali. All these years later, like I said, I'm still here. I'm still Chuck Wepner. Everybody calls me 'champ' because I held a few different championships. I owe all this to Muhammad Ali because if I had fought anybody else except Muhammad Ali, I would never ever have got any exposure and the adulation that I get right now. I can thank Ali for this. I love the guy. I think he was one of the greatest human beings that was ever born.'

Another part of Ali which comes through very strongly in “Muhammad Ali: The Life Of A Legend” is Ali the family man. Despite his worldwide fame, away from the crowds and the bright lights, Ali was devoted to his children. This sentiment comes through very strongly in Fiaz's interviews with Ali's children. Daughter Maryum remembers her father's playful side:

'My father was a practical joker. He lived in a big house so it had long dark hallways. He loved scaring us. He got a kick out of that. He would wait in the dark hallways and we would walk down and he'd scare us. He'd just laugh. He loved playing practical jokes and he was a very fun-loving person. He liked to play with his kids a lot. A lot of parents don't do that.'

Most recently Fiaz collaborated with Muhammad Ali's brother Rahaman Ali, On the book “My Brother, Muhammad Ali”, Fiaz's admiration for Ali is strong, yet he allows his interviewees' full freedom in their recollections of 'The Greatest'.
'It was imperative to talk to those who were very close who had first-hand stories. Family, close friends, and well-known opponents. Also some of the best sports journalists who covered Ali and his career in his peak were interviewed to create a balanced portrait of The Greatest. As a biographer, the first-hand source material is vital, I believe. And I can say with great conviction that I have been very fortunate to talk to so many close people to the iconic figures I've churned out biographies on. This, I think, is the framework for any writer who's quest is to write a biography on a global figure of the magnitude of Ali.'

In this book, we are treated to intimate anecdotes about what it was like to share life with 'The Greatest'. The main thread that emerges overall is just how deeply and profoundly Ali was loved, not just by his family, but by all of those that were acquainted with him.

“Muhammad Ali: The Life Of A Legend” is a colorful tapestry of interviews from people who have often shared some of Muhammad Ali's most important and profound life experiences. It also manages to cover every aspect of Ali's life and boxing career, from his earliest days boxing to his 'exile' from the sport and battle with the government in the late 60s, to his later boxing career, and post-retirement life. Some of the interviewees are well known in their own right, while others are more eclectic.

There are moving tales of Ali's generosity to his friends, such as when sportswriter Jerry Izenberg recalls how Ali handed him the torch that he lit the Olympic flame at the Atlanta Olympics:
'He opened his closet, and there it was his Olympic torch. Now he takes the torch and puts it in my hands. That torch meant a lot to him but he gave it to me. And I was very very moved.'

Fiaz has pulled together a varied line up of personalities to talk about Ali, but while they might vary in their backgrounds and the place in which they occupied in Ali's life, together they all contribute to a sympathetic and balanced portrayal of a man who will be remembered as the most loved person and admired person of the 20th century.

Fiaz himself is acutely aware of Ali's importance, which goes far beyond the realms of just boxing or even sport itself. 'Of course, Muhammad Ali is more than a sportsman. He has had an indelible impact on pop culture. His association with The Nation of Islam, refusing to go to Vietnam and for what he stood for as far as racial equality goes, all part of 20th-century history. So all these elements are part of who Ali was, and it was these non-sporting areas that really allowed me to appreciate this great iconic figure and something I felt equally if not more important to explore when putting together his life story in an oral biography form.'

In her foreword to this biography Ali's daughter Rasheda outlines her hopes for both this book and the enduring legacy of her father:
'What made my dad the greatest was his inexplicable talents in the ring, but most of all the love he had for his people. It was incredibly spiritual how he made others, especially minorities and African-Americans, feel about themselves. What he stood for and how he inspired the world to be great and do great things will continue to impact the very foundation of our hearts. I hope this oral biography helps to inspire others to not only love themselves, but make a difference in others' lives, and encourage us to be the best version of ourselves'.

Altogether “Muhammad Ali: The Life Of A Legend” is yet another welcome addition to the many works written about 'The Greatest.' Sometimes you can't have too much of a good or rather a great thing.





"Muhammad Ali: The Life of a Legend by Fiaz Rafiq, Foreword by Rasheda Ali is available in paperback and e-book from Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Books-A-Million, Waterstones, and WHS, and all other general bookstores. Here is the link if you wish to purchase from Amazon.



Amazon USA:

https://www.amazon.com/Muhammad-Ali-Legend-Fiaz-Rafiq/dp/190971593X 

Amazon UK:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Muhammad-Ali-Legend-Fiaz-Rafiq/dp/190971593X

 
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Saturday, April 25, 2015

Book Review: The 16TH Round: From Number 1 Contender To Number 45472

The Boxing Glove Book Review: by Peter Silkov
“The 16th Round: From Number 1 Contender To Number 45472”    By Rubin “Hurricane” Carter


The 16th Round is the extremely powerful and often moving autobiography of Rubin “Hurricane” Carter. During the early to mid 1960s Rubin Carter was one of the top middleweight contenders in the world, a feared and destructive fighter, who was considered by many to be a future world champion. However, that is not the way things turned out for The Hurricane. Rubin Carter did not win the World middleweight title, instead he tried and failed in what would be his one and only world title chance. Then in a dark twist of fate, Carter saw both his remaining boxing career and his freedom snatched away from him when he was jailed in 1967 for his part in the murder of two white men and a white woman in a New Jersey bar.

Carter, and a friend John Artis, were eventually convicted of the killings on May 26, 1967, despite the apparent lack of solid evidence against the men. Also, the fact that the prosecution’s main witnesses were two petty criminals, Alfred Bello and Arthur Dexter Bradley, who admitted to being in the area that night with the intent to burgle a nearby factory. Rubin Carter and John Artis strongly claimed their innocence of these murders from the beginning, but it would take 20 long years before Carter would finally be set free and have his indictment dismissed. With Artis being released on bail in 1981.   

Between their original convictions in 1967, and Carter’s release in 1985, his case would become known internationally and made him a focus during the civil rights movement. Rubin's gained the support of many high profile celebrities from the world of both sport and entertainment, including Muhammad Ali and Bob Dylan. Carter achieved a taste of freedom for a couple of months in 1976, when he was let out on bail pending a second trial.  Unfortunately for Carter, the second trial ended with the same verdict as the first, and he was returned to prison.

In “The 16th Round” Carter tells the story of his life and details the injustice of his incarceration. This book, written in 1974, behind the bars of Rahway State Prison in New Jersey, is an intense howl of anger and despair by Carter at his unjust imprisonment for murders that he claims he did not commit. 

The 16th Round is a stark and often brutal tale of Carter’s life from a troubled childhood, through to his time as middleweight contender, when he was, for a time, one of the most feared fighters in the world, onto his conviction and imprisonment for murder. It is this book that fired up much of the campaign that resulted in Rubin’s brief taste of freedom in 1976, until in the run up to his second trial. 

From early childhood, Carter was afflicted with a severe speech impediment that he would not overcome until the age of 18. This seems to have played a strong part in him growing up with an ever-deepening sense of alienation and injustice at the world around him, including his father who was a respected deacon, but could neither understand (physically or emotionally) nor control his young son.  At the age of 11 years old, Rubin was jailed in a juvenile reformatory for stabbing a man (whom Carter describes in this book as trying to sexually assault him.) It is to be the first of a number of incarcerations that featured in Carter’s life. The descriptions of these places is at times quite chilling, and Carter provides some disturbing and enlightening material upon the inhumanity and hopelessness of prison.

Rubin’s boxing career, and the rise of his alter ego “The Hurricane”, is focused on the middle part of this autobiography, with some vivid accounts of some of his most important fights. Yet, it is his experiences with authority and the justice system where this book really excels and transcends from being just another boxing autobiography. Having read "The 16Th Round," it is not hard to see why the civil rights movement took up his case and why his imprisonment was seen by many as one of the greatest injustices of the time. The whole Carter story is mired with controversy, and there are those who dispute much of what he writes within “The 16TH Round”, especially his protestations of innocence.  Even today, a year after Carter’s death, there seems to be almost an ’anti-Carter’ industry, which opposes many of the claims and assertions made by Rubin Carter and his supporters. This debate will probably continue for many years, with both sides passionate about whether “The Hurricane” was truly an innocent man or not.

After he was eventually freed in 1985, Rubin Carter’s story would become the subject of a Hollywood film starring Denzil Washington “The Hurricane”, which gained great acclaim, despite infamously taking some Hollywood liberties with the truth in some parts.

Rubin Carter himself became a powerful voice for the wrongfully imprisoned in the years after he finally achieved his freedom. 

Although there have been other books written by and about Rubin Carter since the original publication of The 16th Round, neither of them succeed in capturing the raw emotions that one can feel literally coming out of the pages at you in Carter’s original autobiography. When all the controversy is swept aside, this book stands on its own merit as a fascinating and visceral study of human nature.  Love, hate, racism, violence, despair, and courage are all to be found in here, in a autobiography that truly goes beyond the world of boxing, and looks into the darkest areas of the human condition.
 
Copyright © 2015 The Boxing Glove, Inc. Peter Silkov Art. All Rights Reserved. Peter Silkov contributes to www.theboxingglove.com and www.theboxingtribune.com.

Wednesday, April 22, 2015

The Hurricane: Rubin Carter


By Peter Silkov

Rubin “Hurricane” Carter was a top middleweight contender in the 1960s, whose career was cut short by a murder conviction that would see him spend almost 20 years in jail for his alleged involvement in 3 murders.

Carter was born on May 6, 1937, in Clifton, New Jersey. Rubin was a troubled child, who struggled with a severe stutter that he would not overcome until his late teens.  At the age of 14 he was convicted of assault and sent to Jamesburg Home for Boys.  Three years later, he escaped, and while on the run enlisted in the army. It proved to be a turning point in his life and while in the army, Carter took up boxing for the first time. Rubin would eventually leave the army with a record of 51-5 with 31 knockouts.  However, Carter still found himself falling into trouble and in 1957, he was jailed for 4 and a half years for his part in an assault and two robberies. 

It was following his release from this period of incarceration that Carter finally began to take boxing seriously, making his pro debut on September 22, 1961, with a 4 rounds split points win over Pike Reed. From this point, Carter’s rise was a little less than meteoric. His ultra aggressive style attracted the fans, he would stalk his opponents, and when in range throw punches in vicious combinations. A fearsome demeanor equaled Carter’s knockout power in his fists. Some 20 years before it became fashionable for fighters to shave their heads, Carter sported a bald dome, a goatee moustache and beard, and the same kind of baleful expression that was worn by Sonny Liston. By 1963, Carter was a one of the most feared contenders in the middleweight division, with impressive wins over Florentino Fernandez, Holly Mims, Gomeo Brennan, George Benton, and Farid Salim. On December 20, 1963, Carter scored a sensational 1st round knockout victory over Emile Grffith, who at the time was the World welterweight champion and would go on to become a two-time World middleweight champion as well. Griffith certainly felt that he had been run down by a hurricane on that night of December 20, 1963. It would prove to be Carter’s greatest night in the ring.

Following his defeat of Griffith, The Hurricane started clamouring for a title fight, and in the mean time, out-pointed Jimmy Ellis, the future World heavyweight champion. Carter got his title shot on December 14, 1964, when he met Joey Giardello for the World middleweight title. Giardello was a 34-year-old veteran who was considered to be years paste his best, and many expected Carter to be too young and strong for the battle scarred champion. However, it was not to be, Giardello produced a boxing clinic, using all his skills and the experience of over a decade as a professional, to out-box and at times, out-punch the fearsome challenger.

Rubin Carter & Dick Tiger
The loss to Giardello seemed to have done something to Carter, whether it damaged his confidence or focus is not clear, but certainly Carter seemed to have peaked, and then began the long slide downhill that happens to all fighters. The Hurricane himself would blame the post-Giardello fight slump in his form upon the increasing harassment, which he was receiving, from the police and media by this time.

Following the Giardello bout, Carter would be 7-7-1 in his last 15 bouts. Carter was still a hit with the fans, and there was no shame in his point’s defeats to Luis Manuel Rodriguez, Harry Scott, Dick Tiger, and Stan Harrington, but he no longer looked like an invincible fighting machine, storming towards winning a world title. 
Then on June 17, 1966, an incident occurred which would change Hurricane Carter’s life. Two white men and a white woman were shot dead at the Lafayette Grill in Paterson. Carter and an acquaintance, John Artis, were pulled over within the hour and questioned. What followed was a case of tremendous twists, turns, and complexity, which still raises heated argument today.

Rubin Carter would have one more fight while free on bail, being out-pointed by Juan Carlos Rivero on August 6, 1966. It would turn out to be The Hurricane’s final fight.

On May 27, 1967, Carter and Artis were both sentenced to three counts of life in prison. In a debacle, which would include a second trial in 1976, when the pair were convicted again, Carter was not freed from prison until November 1985. In the mean time, his case had become a cause attracting worldwide attention, with support from celebrities from the sports and entertainment world, such as Muhammad Ali and Bob Dylan.  Rubin Carter’s case became an illustration of the many wrongful imprisonment cases that occur all too often, and more often than not, due to the colour of a person’s skin. While in jail, Carter brought attention to his cause with his biography “The 16th Round”, which recounted his life and boxing career, and protested his innocence. 

In 1988, a third trial was finally cancelled and the indictments on Carter and Artis finally dropped. After his release from jail Carter would spend his time giving support to other victims of injustice in Canada and America, and giving speeches about his life and experiences.  In 1999, a film “Hurricane” starring Denzel Washington was released about Carter, focusing upon his boxing career, and his wrongful imprisonment.

After his death Rubin Carter is still a controversial figure, with some people still questioning his innocence, whatever the truth, there is no denying that Rubin Carter has highlighted the problem of wrongful imprisonment in a way that was never achieved before and upon such a large scale.

Rubin “Hurricane” Carter’s final record was 27(19koes)-12-1.


 Copyright © 2015 The Boxing Glove, Inc. Peter Silkov Art. All Rights Reserved. Peter Silkov contributes to www.theboxingglove.com and www.theboxingtribune.com




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